The USDA=APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) program and its partners conducted a national research needs evaluation of significant wildlife–human conflict problems and related research requirements. A request for participation received responses from 36 WS State Directors, 23 WS=National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) scientists, and 6 members of the US Secretary of Agriculture's National Wildlife Services Advisory Committee (NWSAC). The present research needs for wildlife damage control in the United States are compared to prior regional and national research needs evaluations. The aviation, forestry, agricultural, aquaculture, and cattle sectors, as well as wildlife-borne illnesses, invasive species, and overabundant animal populations, were all identified as major national concerns. This evaluation provides NWRC with useful information, as well as legislative and administrative guidance, for allocating resources to specific research projects that address the WS program's knowledge and methodological needs.