Using information gathered from the National Family Health Survey, this study investigates the complex link involving low birth weight (LBW) and infant mortality. To completely understand this complicated phenomenon, it needs a hybrid strategy combining quantitative studies with qualitative observations. The findings emphasize the importance of maternal variables, the availability of healthcare, and socioeconomic position in impacting LBW. Despite limitations such as data bias, the study gives useful insights for public health programs to reduce infant mortality and improve neonatal well-being. Future studies might look at between generations’ health inequalities along with cultural impacts on LBW, which could help policymakers make more researched decisions. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) - 2019-21 data has been used to conduct this research.