The field of energy harvesting is experiencing rapid expansion, driven by the ambition to power various devices, including electric vehicles, through harnessing energy from their surrounding environments. Among the various materials considered for these applications, composite materials have emerged as highly promising candidates. They possess unique combinations of mechanical and electrical properties, making them particularly well-suited for energy harvesting purposes. However, to fully unlock the potential of composite materials in powering electric vehicles, further research and development are essential. This review article critically examines the utilization of composite materials for energy harvesting in the context of electric vehicles. It thoroughly analyzes key aspects such as mechanical characteristics, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and cost-effectiveness.