Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic gram positive pathogen which causes deadly disease called tuberculosis (TB) which is still a major threat to life. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogen enters in host by inhalation of air because these pathogens are present in air droplets released by other TB infected persons. It ultimately reaches to lung alveoli and gives rise to primary TB. Aims & objectives: To study the function of heme molecules in mycobacterium TB survival and pathogenesis. Methods & Materials: Asteraceae family member Artemisia afra is a plant that has been identified. A drug called Artemisinin was extracted from the plant Artemisia afra. Because this medication targets the heme molecule, which senses the pathogen's need for less oxygen to survive, replication is fully stopped. Results: In order to absorb iron, the heme molecule takes nascent oxygen. If it is possible, we may create a synthetic molecule that alters the heme's oxygen binding site. When this happens, oxygen cannot bind to the heme, and the pathogen dies from a lack of oxygen. Conclusion: Macrophages mycobacterium replicates itself and increases its number in host cell. Artemisinin is a drug obtained from the plant Artemisia which target the heme molecule in mycobacterium and stop its replication.