The goal of this scoping review is to better understand how obesity interacts with vitamin D insufficiency, cellular ageing, and metabolic implications, including subclinical atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An important global health issue, obesity has biological, environmental, behavioural, and hereditary components. An energy imbalance is the primary cause of obesity at all stages of life, and it has numerous and, first and foremost, widespread effects. Given its link to low serum vitamin D levels, obesity has received extensive study in the literature, with numerous postulated pathways tying the two disorders together. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that obese people collect signs of accelerated cellular senescence. Subclinical atherosclerosis begins in an early stage and leads to significant cardiac events. Obesity, poor vitamin D levels, and senescent cells are major factors in the continuous low-grade inflammation that subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with. Furthermore, studies have shown that obesity, vitamin D insufficiency, and cellular senescence play crucial roles in the development of NAFLD, which is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. As a result, we listed the key factors linking these illnesses together.