Background: Inflammatory conditions like periodontitis are brought on by the interaction of the host factors and infectious pathogens. The onset, development, and severity of periodontal diseases are significantly influenced by a variety of protein molecules. The investigation of proteins as indicators in periodontal diseases has gained attention in recent years. Multiple bacterial- and host-derived mediators (e.g., collagen-degrading enzymes, elastase-like enzymes, etc.) produced in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis can be used as diagnostic markers for the condition. The identification of possible novel medications for the treatment of periodontal diseases is another significant advancement in the study of human genes and proteins. Therefore, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of periodontal disorders can benefit from knowledge of the proteins implicated in their aetiology