In order to survive, soil plays a crucial role as our mother. The soil is a natural resource that forms over long periods of time. All food on the planet is derived from soil, which is the planet's foundational resource. As 70% of the earth is covered by water, 30% is covered by land. The soil is the limited resource on earth that provides all of our food. Today people has to attempt to understand nature's limitations as environmental science awareness is becoming an increasingly global issue. To keep the agricultural sector healthy, soil must be treated and managed carefully. Soil is essential to the survival of most living things on earth, as it contains all the nutrients that are needed for their growth. Humans, birds, and animals all depend on soil to survive. Approximately 45% of the soil surface consists of minerals, 5% organic matter, 20% to 30% gases, and 20% to 30% water. In this paper, the soil formation, chemical elements properties of soil, and chemical reactions in soil are provided. This is a theoretical paper that provides essential information on soil science in environmental science. Any soil science researcher will benefit from reading this paper.