India's transportation sector is vast and diverse, serving the requirements of 1.1 billion people. The sector contributed around 5.2 percent to the nation's GDP in 2012-2013, with road transportation accounting for the majority of that. 1 Economic growth requires good physical connectivity in both urban and rural locations. India's rising economy has seen an increase in demand for transportation infrastructure and services since the early 1990s. For India to maintain significant economic growth, it needs efficient and reliable urban transportation infrastructure. The importance of urban transportation in India arises from its involvement in poverty alleviation, as it improves access to labour markets and so raises earnings in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (Antonio Estache, 2007). Services and industrial businesses, in particular, are concentrated in and around major cities, necessitating efficient and dependable urban transportation systems to transfer people and connect manufacturing sites to the logistics chain.Mobility flows have become a significant component in India's rapid urbanisation process, with urban transportation infrastructure serving as the urban form's skeleton (Amin et al., 2013). Despite the fact that urban mobility in Indian cities is expanding, access to locations, activities, and services is becoming increasingly problematic in terms of convenience, cost, and time. In fact, current levels of urban mobility are already causing a crisis defined by high levels of traffic congestion, pollution, road fatalities, and unfairness, eventually leading to an unwelcome accessibility catastrophe (Pucher et al., 2005). With nearly a quarter of India's urban population living in poverty, the poor's mobility issues are of particular importance (C Rangarajan et al., 2014). Due to the high cost of private transportation or a lack of public transportation options, this portion of the metropolitan population is forced to walk or pedal longer distances, resulting in significant pollution. As Indian cities expand outside, residents who cannot afford motorised transportation will be increasingly disadvantaged, and will be cut off from job, recreational, educational, medical, and other activity areas that they require in the city