Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has negative effects on the retinal vascular system, which was the focus of this review's attempt to synthesize the available research. Using the phrases sleep apnea syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, retina, vascular tortuosity, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and subfoveal choroidal thickness, two independent researchers searched the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Patients with OSA have more tortuous blood vessels than those without OSA, less parafoveal and peripapillary artery density, and a higher incidence of retinal vein occlusions. OSA is more common in people with central serous chorioretinopathy and people who don't respond well to intravitreal anti-VEGF (-vascular endothelial growth factor) treatment for macular edema. OSA may aggravate diabetic maculopathy, increasing the risk of diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema. Macular choroidal thickness variations are contentious. OSA is a common syndrome with several vascular alterations throughout the body. The most impacted ocular structures are the retina and choroid, which are predominantly affected by vascular alterations. New noninvasive technologies, such optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, may be able to shed more light on the ophthalmological effects of OSA and provide a better understanding of retinal structures.