This research aims to establish and validate a prognostic nomogram for assessing overall survival (OS) of Primary Liver Cancer (PLC) patients. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2020, we collected clinical data of 504 patients with primary liver cancer in The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University to do retrospective analysis. These PLC patients were stochastically assigned into two groups:352 patients in training cohort and 152 patients in validation cohort. In the training cohort, Cox proportional risk models identified independent risk factors for OS, and nomograms were developed to predict one-, three-, and five-year survival. Assessing the performance of nomogram through internal validation in the training cohort, and external validation in the validation cohort using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration curves. Independent samples t-tests were utilized for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher exact tests were utilized for categorical variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional risk models. Results: This research identified Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR),Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), Tumor number, Vascular invasion, , and Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) grade as independent risk factors for predicting OS in PLC patients. The C index was 0.767 (95%CI 0.741-0.792) in the training cohort, and 0.721 (95%CI 0.673-0.768) in the validation cohort. Conclusions The nomogram established in this study was effective in predicting the OS in patients with primary liver cancer.