This research delves into the food and nutrition practices of tribal communities in Kerala, focusing on the Irulas, Kurichiyas, Paniyas, and Mudugas residing in the Western Ghats. Investigating historical, ecological, and socio-economic factors influencing dietary habits, the study aims to inform sustainable interventions to address health and nutrition challenges faced by these communities. Through participant observation, interviews, mapping, surveys, and historical investigation, the research unveils traditional diets rich in locally sourced, plant-based foods, supplemented by protein from legumes, pulses, and hunting. Culinary techniques preserving nutritional value are employed, yet modernization and socio-economic changes pose threats to traditional practices. Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive interventions to safeguard the health and well-being of Kerala's tribal communities amidst ongoing transformations