Aim: To evaluate the anti-rheumatoid activity of ethanolic extract from Alpinia calcarata rhizomes using a formaldehyde-induced rat model. Objectives: Collection and authentication of plant material. Assessment of the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of the ethanolic extract. Induction of rheumatoid arthritis using formaldehyde in rodent models. Comparison of pharmacological effects with a standard drug. Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters. Examination of the histopathological changes induced by the ethanolic extract in rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: Rats weighing 250-300 grams were randomly divided into six groups, each containing 6 animals, and received the following treatments. The first group served as a control and remained untreated. The second group received formaldehyde (0.1 ml, 2% v/v) via sub-plantar injection to induce disease. The third group was treated with diclofenac sodium at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 14 days as a standard drug. Results: Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with n=6 animals per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to the standard drug. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that serum CRP levels were significantly elevated in formaldehyde-induced arthritic rats compared to normal rats. Treatment with the ethanolic extract of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes resulted in a notable reduction in paw volume and other biochemical markers associated with rheumatoid arthritis.