With the ever rising world population and decreasing arable land, there is an uncertainty surrounding food and nutritional security. The criterion of selectivity and desirability present in conventional breeding gave rise to the concept of genetic modification, which is the alteration of genome of an organism by inserting gene of others. The Recombinant DNA technology is the underlying principle of this. As of 2016, the area under biotech crops is 5.3 billion acres. The main steps involved are isolation and insertion of gene, selection, regeneration and verification followed by assessment of plant performance and safety. The 4 basic types of modification are transgenic, cisgenic, subgenic and multiple integration. PCR is used for the detection of GMOs. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are used for their detection. The GM crops are produced for different traits such as extended shelf life and disease resistance. In India, Bt Cotton is the only transgenic crop in the market, while Bt Brinjal and GM Mustard are waiting in line. With certain advantages of the GM crops, many issues are also there to be addressed but only through proper assessment and scientific approach.