Prostate cancer stands out as a significant contributor to rising mortality rates among men globally. Diagnosis of prostate cancer involves methods such as prostate biopsies, digital rectal examinations, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) analyses, which determine whether the cancer is localized or advanced at the time of detection. This review aims to comprehensively cover the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment options for prostate cancer. The onset, development, and spread of prostate cancer are closely linked to genetic mutations. Treatment strategies for localized prostate cancer typically include ablative radiation therapy, radical prostatectomy, and active surveillance. For metastatic prostate cancer or cases of relapse, chemotherapy, salvage radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are commonly employed. Despite these treatments, prostate cancer remains incurable, highlighting the need for combined therapeutic approaches. Ongoing research explores alternative treatment modalities such as gene therapy, traditional medicine, and nanotechnologies, aimed at addressing drug resistance and mitigating side effects associated with current treatments. This review provides insights into the genetic factors influencing prostate cancer, current treatment options, and the evolving landscape of complementary therapies.