Agriculture is continued to be the most important activity of human beings from ancient time to till today. Agriculture is the not only feed the population but also responsible for bending the economic set up and security of the nations especially country like India. India have fertile tracts of the rivers and covers around one sixth of the world population. Means agriculture have an important activity it controls directly and indirectly political, economic and social and cultural pursuits of India.Therefore, agricultural productivity and efficiency plays a very vital role to focus the growth of the Indian economy and responsible for the social set up of the society. Agricultural efficiency is the performance of various crop production in a selected area, which focuses on effectiveness of agricultural production with respective to available unit of land resources. The Pune district has been selected to find out agricultural efficiency. Along with rapid population growth, increasing urbanization, increasing industrialization and overall development in various economic sectors are affecting the agricultural sector. This study is to find out the agricultural productivity and efficiency index and its tahsilwise variation of the pune district, changing trends in the year between 2001-02 and 2014-15. It is observed that most of the tahsils have improved their agricultural efficiency (Ei), due to government policies, implementation in the irrigation systems, technological advancement and improvement and rural infrastructural development in the various sector and over all increasing demand of food grains due to feed the increasing population. But sometahsils of pune district are suffering from decreasing agricultural efficiency (Ei) rates due to increasing the rate of urbanization or adverse effect of urbanization, construction of the houses, increase in the industrialization. Large scale land acquisition for non-agricultural purpose;(Industry, Road construction, New Airport, Settlement etc) productive crop-lands are converting into low to medium efficiency and high agricultural efficiency (Ei) tahsilswith reducing trends of yield rate. Here, Bhatia (1967) method has applied for calculating agricultural efficiency index (Ei). The study concentrates mainly on the changing agricultural efficiency rate of the district. Therefore, it is essential to find agricultural efficiency of the area, which will help to know and compare the situation of agricultural condition with respective economic development.