Animal models play a crucial role in medical research by enhancing our understanding of the causes of both lethal and non-lethal diseases and facilitating the development of innovative treatments. Additionally, studies on learning and memory in cognitive sciences reinforce findings relevant to humans using appropriate model species. In recent decades, the scientific community has increasingly adopted the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a significant model, despite mice remaining the most widely utilized experimental model worldwide. Zebrafish, a small tropical freshwater teleost fish, shares substantial genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with mammals. Consequently, they are increasingly recognized as one of the most effective models for studying neurological disorders. Zebrafish are advantageous due to their ease of maintenance, cost-effectiveness, high reproductive rate, and amenability to genetic manipulation. They are particularly suitable for studying behavior, genetics, and toxicology, especially in relation to various neurodevelopmental disorders. Compared to other model organisms, zebrafish are more effective in simulating life-threatening conditions, particularly in studying large-scale heritable mutations and conducting biological investigations involving regenerative medicine. Zebrafish exhibit high sensitivity to both medication and environmental changes, which can be observed in both adult fish and larvae. This makes zebrafish a valuable tool for medical research and pre-clinical testing, particularly in the field of cognitive science. This review focuses specifically on the use of zebrafish as an animal model in cognitive science research.