The study of atomic nuclei and how they work is known as nuclear chemistry and is important in many different fields. The impact of nuclear chemistry on health, energy, environmental science, materials science, agriculture, and archaeology is detailed in this review. It delves into basic ideas. Looking at the composition of nuclear nuclei, the way that radioactivity appears in beta, gamma, and alpha decays. Nuclear chemistry has many important applications. Radioactive isotopes are used in chemistry for targeted radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging, which is changing health care. The world energy landscape is shaped by nuclear power plants that produce large quantities of clean energy through regular fission. Radioisotope tracing is useful in environmental science because it helps to understand contamination processes and enables the safe handling of nuclear waste. Radiation techniques improve agricultural production by reducing the impact of pests and providing a longer shelf life for food. Radioisotope analysis is a tool used by materials scientists to better understand the properties and behaviour of materials and to improve analytical methods. Radiocarbon dating is transforming archaeology and providing invaluable insights into past civilizations round the world. This summary highlights the multiple applications and central role of nuclear chemistry in the development of science, technology, and society. The importance of nuclear chemistry in various fields stimulates innovation and shapes our understanding of the natural world, which becomes even stronger as it continues to develop.