Energy is a necessary component of socioeconomic development and economic expansion. Wind energy, for example, is a renewable energy source that is native to the area and may assist to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The sun constantly replenishes wind, which is an indirect source of solar energy. Wind is produced by the sun's differential heating of the earth's surface. It is believed that the earth's wind provides about 10 million MW of energy on a continual basis. Wind energy offers a flexible and environmentally beneficial alternative, as well as national energy security, at a time when global supplies are depleting. The use of fossil fuels endangers the global economy's long-term viability. This study examines wind resource assessment models, site selection models, and aerodynamic models that take into account the wake effect. The numerous current performance and reliability assessment methods, as well as various issues with wind turbine components (blade, gearbox, generator, and transformer) and the grid for wind energy systems, were addressed. This study also looks at various methods and loads for wind energy conversion system design, control systems, and economics.