Agriculture sector alone represents 23 per cent of India’s Gross National Product (GNP), plays a crucial role in the country’s development and shall continue to occupy an important place in the national economy. In India, average food consumption at present is 550 g per capita per day, whereas in China and USA are 980 and 2850 g, respectively. Kharif crops are frequently sown with the commencement of the first rains in July, during the south west monsoon. The Rabi crops are sown around mid-November, after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April/May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground, or with irrigation. The objective of this study is to examine the trend of food grain production during Kharif and Rabi seasons in South India and find out the problems associated with climate change on food grain production in South India. Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity which directly impact on food production across the globe. Food production systems are extremely sensitive to climate changes like changes in temperature and precipitation, which may lead to outbreaks of pests and diseases thereby reducing harvest ultimately affecting the food security of the country.