Fish nutrition is a critical aspect of modern aquaculture, impacting both production efficiency and fish health. This review explores recent advancements in fish nutrition and their implications for aquaculture operations. Key areas of focus include the evolution of feed formulation, nutrient optimization, the integration of functional feed additives, precision feeding technologies, and their collective impact on aquaculture efficiency and fish health. Traditionally, aquafeed formulations relied heavily on marine-derived ingredients like fishmeal and fish oil. However, concerns over sustainability and cost have spurred efforts to develop alternative feed ingredients. Recent advancements have seen a shift towards plant-based and alternative protein sources such as soybean meal, corn gluten meal, and microbial or insect-based proteins. Moreover, microencapsulation techniques and the inclusion of probiotics and prebiotics enhance nutrient bioavailability and promote gut health in farmed fish. Functional feed additives such as immunostimulants and antioxidants play a crucial role in bolstering fish immune systems and mitigating oxidative stress, thereby reducing disease susceptibility and improving overall health. The adoption of precision feeding technologies enables more precise control over feeding regimes, optimizing nutrient delivery, and minimizing waste. Automated feeding systems equipped with sensors and real-time data analytics facilitate adaptive feeding strategies, maximizing production output while minimizing environmental impact. The integration of these advancements translates into improved aquaculture efficiency by lowering feed costs, improving feed conversion ratios, and accelerating growth rates. Furthermore, optimized feed formulations and feeding strategies contribute to enhanced fish health and welfare, reducing mortality rates and increasing resilience to environmental stressors. However, challenges remain in achieving optimal feed formulations for all species and production systems, necessitating ongoing research and innovation. Advancements in fish nutrition offer promising opportunities to meet the growing global demand for seafood in a sustainable manner. By embracing sustainable feed ingredients, optimizing nutrient delivery, and leveraging functional feed additives and precision feeding technologies, aquaculture operations can enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring the health and welfare of farmed fish.